Structure de capitalisation
Qu’est-ce que la structure de capitalisation?
La structure de capitalisation fait référence à la proportion de la dette et des capitaux propres dans la configuration du capital d’une entreprise. Le capital est la façon dont une entreprise se finance. L’équité est un élément de propriété de l’entreprise. Cela se produit généralement par la société émettrice d’actions. La dette est un prêt accordé à l’entreprise par un investisseur. Ces prêts se présentent généralement sous la forme d’une émission d’obligations. La structure du capital montre quelle part du financement d’une entreprise a été octroyée par l’émission d’actions de propriété ou par l’octroi de prêts.
Les actions et les obligations ont chacune un effet différent sur les finances de l’entreprise, les impôts payés et les obligations pour les revenus futurs. La structure de capitalisation d’une entreprise a une incidence importante sur les mesures de sa rentabilité et de sa solidité financière, telles que la marge bénéficiaire nette, le rendement des capitaux propres, le ratio d’endettement, la couverture des intérêts, etc.
La structure de capitalisation est également appelée structure du capital ou structure de capitalisation.
Types of Capitalization Structures
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.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label.text-label {
font-weight: 400;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label.inner {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-direction: normal;
-ms-flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: column;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
justify-content: center;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
margin-bottom: 2px;
-webkit-transition: 0.2s opacity ease-in-out;
transition: 0.2s opacity ease-in-out;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop-swatch {
width: 15px;
height: 15px;
margin-right: 5px;
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-ms-flex: 0 0 auto;
flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop-label {
font-size: 13px;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.right {
max-width: 40%;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.left {
padding: 5px 10px 0 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.right {
padding: 5px 0 0 10px;
right: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.top {
padding: 0 0 15px 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.bottom {
padding: 20px 0 0 0;
top: auto;
bottom: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stops {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stop {
margin-right: 1em;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops {
display: block;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop {
margin-right: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
font-size: 13px;
margin: 20px 0 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container.label {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
margin: 0 10px 5px 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container.num {
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
background: #eee;
-webkit-box-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1 0 auto;
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.stop {
opacity: 0.6;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.group-label {
opacity: 1;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group {
opacity: 0.2;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element {
opacity: 1;
font-weight: 700;
}
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.static-image,
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.chart-action-data,
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.dw-data-link {
display: none!important;
}
.chart.png-export a {
color: unset!important;
}
.x-tick-values span,
.y-tick-values span,
.direct-value-label:not(.inverted) span,
.legend-text span,
.x-tick-values tspan,
.y-tick-values tspan,
.y-tick-values {
color: #191919!important;
fill: #191919!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.bc-grid {
z-index: 0!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.y-axis {
background-color: #191919!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.x-gridline {
background-color: #cecece!important;
}
.legend-text.label {
vertical-align: middle!important;
}
.chart a {
color: #2c40d0;
}
a.source {
text-decoration: none;
}
Types of Capitalization Structures
Firms can either issue either more debt or equity to fund its operations. By issuing equity, firms give up some ownership in the company without the need to pay back investors; by issuing debt, companies increase their leverage by needing to pay back investors. A company’s debt-to-equity ratio is a measure of risk for investors.
AssetsDebtEquity
Source:
Corporate Finance Institute
Chart: